NEURAL CONTROL OF MOVEMENT
Movement is crucial to all organisms. its performed in higher animals by contraction of & relaxation of the muscles.
Motor system exists in Brain to translate out thought, sensation, emotion & feeling into MOVEMENT.
SENSORY SYSTEM –> transforms physical energy into neural signals
MOTOR SYSTEM –> NEURAL signal is converted to contractile force of muscle and hence converted into MOVEMENT.
SENSORY REPRESENTATION FORM FRAMEWORK IN WHICH –
- motor system plans, coordinates & executes.
- motor system programmes a purposeful movement
- it a highly complicated & integrated system.
- ability of human beings to carry out skilled movement while still performing cognitive tasks requires flexibility, integration & skills that no other organism /animal has.
TYPES OF MOVEMENT
ORGANISATION OF MOTOR SYSTEM
- IDEA – Posterior Parietal cortex, Association areas
- PLANNING – Premotor , Supplementary motor Cortex, Thalamus, Basal Ganglia
- PROGRAMMING – Cortex, Basal Ganglia
- MOTOR COMMAND – Cortex – {Spinal cord, brain stem } –> via descending tracts
- EXECUTION – Spinal cord –> via –> Final common path
- ACTION –> contraction of muscle, joint movement
- COMPARISON, COORDINATION –> Cerebellum, Thalamus, Sensory pathway
All voluntary activity involves activity of CEREBRAL CORTEX.
ROLE OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF BRAIN IN MOTOR CONTROL :
- CORTICAL MOTOR AREA
- Highest level of motor control
- 3 criteria :
- stimulation using low current strength elicits movements
- destruction of area results in loss of motor function
- area has output connection directly(or with minimal or intermediate connections) to brainstem or spinal cord.
- 2 groups : Primary motor Cortex & Secondary motor cortex.
- POST PARIETAL CORTEX
- FRONTAL EYE FIELD
- BROCA’S AREA
- SUPPRESSOR AREAS (4s, 2s, 8s, 19s & 24s)
Concept Maps 